Typology >Jardin collectif

Jardin collectif

Description

Production de fruits et légumes ensemble en association sans objectif économique, mais plutôt événementiel, théâtral ou festif, musique, cuisine, repas, veillées... Ces activités de vie en extérieur, liées à la terre et aux saisons par les plantes qui les rassemblent, font des jardins associatifs une entité culturelle, de production et d’accueil à l’échelle du quartier ou davantage selon le nombre de ses membres.

Organisation spatiale

Un emplacement vacant est accaparé par un groupe fondateur qui y installe le cœur de son projet. Culture de légumes, loisirs et détente, pâtures et abris pour animaux, projections artistiques et spectacles, le lieu exprime immédiatement sa personnalité en dessinant son espace. L’accueil d’un public devient rapidement une nécessité et le lieu de convivialité et de repos s’ouvre alors largement à l’extérieur, ce qui en révèle la dimension sociale.

Critère de production

Ce genre de production fournit normalement la nourriture nécessaire à l’alimentation de ses membres actifs pour une implication de 5 à 10 heures par semaine. Cette autosuffisance initiale permet un rayonnement progressif du jardin permetttant ainsi aux citadins de se joindre aux festivités. La partie nourricière, par sa mise en place initiale dans le projet, constitue les fondements de la structure végétale et crée un équilibre. Elle se compose de structures inertes, arbres et arbustes, lianes et persistants, vivaces en pleine terre et annuelles en bac afin de traverser la saison froide sans diminuer la présence identitaire positive de la production estivale.

Dimension sociale

Le jardin associatif a besoin de communiquer son image et son expérience et se situe en cela souvent très proche de l’activité artistique. Les saisons correspondent au montage d’une exposition où la nature serait l’artiste. Ainsi, l’hiver montre les structures de l’œuvre, le printemps met en place les premières graines et l’été expose au public le projet complet. A l’automne, la maturité maximale des récoltes permet de clore l’exposition par une grande invitation générale et la consommation des produits du jardin. Ces célébrations sont l’occasion de récolter les expériences multiples des personnes âgées ou handicapées qui n’ont pu participer plus tôt à la réalisation du jardin.

Contexte urbain

Le projet associatif naît généralement en réaction spontanée à un contexte urbain déprécié face auquel il oppose son dynamisme, sa jeunesse, ses couleurs, son enthousiasme et des activités de vie en dégageant une poésie certaine. Cette présence contrastée peut redonner au quartier le sens d’une identité oubliée et recréer des liens ou cicatriser

Opportunités / contraintes

La grande liberté dont jouit la créativité associative permet d’espérer des transformations importantes pour des situations urbaines difficiles. La capacité à faire quelque chose de bénéfique à partir d’un lieu a priori néfaste demande énormément d’énergie vitale. Les démarches organisationnelles administratives peuvent parfois soutenir le rôle sécuritaire assuré par la présence des jardiniers.

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